Question

James family has a history of heart conditions, most have been put on isoproterenol (Beta1 agonist) to help their conditions.

1. Based off of the drug administered, what is the most likely cause of their heart condition?

A) The family has a mutation causing a decrease in norepinephrine production, and thus slower heart rate

B) The family has a mutation in their SA node, causing increased heart palpitations

C) The family has abnormally high levels of sodium in the myocardium causing the membrane potential in the atrium to be slightly depolarized, making the heart more excitable and causing an increased heart rate

D) The family has tachycardia

E) autorhythmic cells other than SA are contracting prematurely causing extra beats

2. Turns out James family has bradycardia, and some even have pacemakers. The pacemakers some of these family members have is single-chamber pacemaker, that is it provides an electrical impulse for one of the heart beats, and not the other. The electrical stimulus from the pacemaker stimulates what would be the P-wave on the ECG. What area of the heart is most likely effecting the slow heart rate?

A) Left ventricle

B) The Purkinje fibers

C) Artioventricular node

D) aortic Semilunar valves

E) pulmonary semilunar valves

3. In taking the isoproterenol prescribed by the doctor, James has experienced his blood pressure rise. James doctor instead of putting him on another medication has suggested he exercise a few times a week. What might have influenced this second prescription from the doctor?

A) James is depressed, and depression causes problems for the heart

B) James is overweight, and the weight strain is adding to the high blood pressure side effect

C) If James exercises enough, this will fix his heart condition completely, and he can be taken off isoproterenol

D) The doctor is doing an experiment with James and his condition

E) James kidney is producing more renin because of the isoproterenol, if he exercises the breakdown of renin will be sped up

Answer 1

1. Answer - A. The family has a mutation causing a decrease in norepinephrine production, and thus slower heart rate

As Isoproternol is Beta 1 agonist its action will increase thr heart rate. Hence, it should be given in condition with bradycardia. Hence The family has a mutation causing a decrease in norepinephrine production leading to Bradycardia

2. C. Atrioventricular Node.

AV node is also called as pacesetter of heart. It is responsible for conduco of impulse from atrium to Ventricle. Any defect in AV nodal conduction will lead to decresed conduction of impulse from atrium to Ventricle and hence will lead to Decreased heart rate.

3.