Question

Chapter-15 URINARY SYSTEM   

Case scenario 2: Venus Williams, a famous tennis player perspiring (sweating) on the Tennis Court. The body has critically important mechanisms for balancing the intake and output of bodily fluids. An athlete must continuously replace the water and electrolytes lost in sweat.

a. Identify which hormones in the body that regulate the fluid and electrolyte balance and How?

b. What is the chief mechanism prompting water intake?   

c. Explain the role of a kidney in the regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance.

d.What are the two main ways the kidneys maintain the acid –base balance of the blood?

Answer 1

a)

The hormones in the body that regulate the fluid and electrolyte balance are

1. ADH(Antidiuretic hormone)
2. Aldosterone

ADH(Antidiuretic hormone) :- is an important hormone for volume homeostsais.It is secreted from the posterior pituitary in response to hyperosmolality of plasma and hypovolemia.It increases the permeability of collecting duct to water by incorporating water channels

Aldosterone :- stimulates reabsorption of Nacl and water from collecting duct.

b)

The chief mechanism prompting water intake is osmoregulatory mechanism.

c)

• Fluid and electrolyte balance regulated by kidney
• Electrolyte concentration maintained by kidneys by filtering water from blood.

d)

The kidneys mainatins acid base balance by

1. By reabsorbing Bicarbonate ions from urine.
2. By excreting Hydrogen ion into the urine