Question

1. Your blood pressure rises, but the heart compensates by reducing the force at which the cardiac muscles contract. What afferent and efferent neurones are likely to have been involved in this scenario?
2. Why can’t glucose always diffuse into cells when the blood glucose concentration is higher than the intracellular glucose concentration?

3. Describe the pathway which begins with the stimulus of ‘eating’?

4. In which type of diabetes is the signal pathway for insulin most likely to be defective? Why?

Answer 1

1) The baroreflex mechanism is responsible for the inverse relationship between the systolic blood pressure and heart rate. When the blood pressure increases the baro receptors present in the aortic bodies stimulate the activity which in turn causes the brainstem to stimulate the parasympathetic system and incubate the sympathetic nervous system. the heart is innervated by the parasympathetic vagus nerve which in turn decreases the heart rate.

2) the cell membrane is semipermeable. so glucose molecules cannot diffuse across the membrane without the help of membrane pumps or channel proteins.

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