Question

68.) A urinary tract infection that extends into the renal pelvis but not into the renal cortex is called

pyelonephritis

cystitis

pyelitis

ureteritis

69.) What determines osmosis from one fluid compartment to another?

The relative concentration of solutes in each compartment

The temperature difference between compartments

The relative volume in each compartment

The blood pressure

The relative size of each compartment

70.) What is the function of aldosterone?

It increases Na⁺ reabsorption and K⁺ secretion.

It reduces Na⁺ reabsorption and K⁺ secretion.

It causes the urine to be more diluted.

It increases both Na⁺ and K⁺ reabsorption.

It increases both Na⁺ and K⁺ secretion.

71.) Hypernatremia is a plasma __________ concentration above normal.

Ca²⁺

P_i

Cl^-

Na⁺

K⁺

^72.) Breathing into and out of a paper bag for a long period of time will lead to __________.

urinary acidosis

urinary alkalosis

metabolic alkalosis

respiratory acidosis

metabolic acidosis

Answer 1

68) C. Pyelitis

Pyelitis is an acute inflammation of the pelvis most commonly caused by bacterial infections. It is an inflammation of mucous membrane of the pelvis and calices of the kidney. Pyelonephritis the process is more advanced in addition to the infection of the parenchyma.

69) A. The relative concentration of solutes in each compartment

The osmosis is movement of the solvent particles, through a semipermeable membrane, from its higher concentrationto it's lower concentration till equilibrium is attained. Hence in other words it depends on the relative concentration of solutes in each compartment.

Hope this helps. Please revert back if you have any query.

Best wishes!!