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LIVER: Both insulin and glucagon are peptide hormones that target liver cells. The response of the...

LIVER: Both insulin and glucagon are peptide hormones that target liver cells. The response of the target cells to each of these two hormones is opposite. This information implies that

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the two hormones bind to different cell surface receptors.

one hormone binds to a receptor on the cell membrane and the other to an intracellular receptor.

each of the two hormones uses a different second messenger.

both hormones interact with receptors at the cell nucleus.

the two hormones bind to different receptors and use a different second messenger.

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Answer #1

Insulin and glucagon are hormones secreted from the pancreas. The glucagon is secreted from the alpha pancreatic cells in response to decreased blood glucose level. Insulin is secreted in respinse to increased blood glucose levels from beta pancreatic cells.
The insulin binds to receptor tyrosine kinase present on the cell surface to exert its effect. The insulin also uses second messenger such PIP3 and tyrosine phosphorylated guanine nucleotide exchange protein.
The glucogon binds to G protein coupled receptor and uses cAMP as second messenger.
So we can say that the two hormones bind to different receptors and use a different second messenger.

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