Question

Give a short answers: 1) Describe cardiac pacemaker activity and function.

2) Discuss the relationship between structure and function in capillary walls.

3) Discuss the movement of solutes across vascular capillary walls. Essays should include reference to vascular capillary structural features and how they influence solute movement.

4) Give an illustrated account of the histology of arteries and veins.

5) Give an illustrated account of the different histological structures of elastic arteries, muscular arteries, and large veins.

Answer 1

Question no 1

Cardiac pacemaker activity and function

The contraction process of cardiac muscle in our heart is initiated by electrical impulses which is called action potential which I produced by the pace maker of heart . The rate of these impulses fire is the one that controls the rate of cardiac contraction and that determine the heart rate of the individual. The SA node initiate the electrical activity if heart and then transmit it to the AV node to the Purkinje fibers and to the rest of heart