Question

1. After the blood leaves the glomerular capillaries, it goes via the efferent arterioles to what structure?
   1. renal vein.
   2. renal artery.
   3. peritubular capillaries.
   4. vena cava.
   5. heart.

2. Filtrate from Bowman’s capsule flows into what structure?
   1. papillary duct.
   2. loop of Henle.
   3. proximal tubule.
   4. distal tubules.
   5. peritubular capillary.
3. Which of the following is actively transported in the proximal tubules of the kidney?
   1. bicarbonate ions
   2. sodium ions
   3. chloride ions
   4. water
   5. ADH
4. Which hormone influences sodium reabsorption in the kidney?
   1. antidiuretic hormone.
   2. cortisone.
   3. aldosterone.
   4. corticotropic hormone.
   5. adrenalin.

5. Most reabsorption takes place across the walls of what structure?
   1. papillary ducts.
   2. loops of Henle.
   3. proximal tubules.
   4. distal tubules.
   5. peritubular capillary.
6. Which of the following is a trigger for the other actions described?
   1. Extracellular fluid volume is reduced.
   2. Solute concentration in the extracellular fluid rises above a set point.
   3. Posterior pituitary secretes ADH.
   4. Distal tubules of the nephrons and the collecting ducts become more permeable to water.
   5. A small amount of concentrated urine is excreted.
7. Nephritis will lead to
   1. kidney stones.
   2. bladder infections.
   3. kidney cysts.
   4. inflammation of the urethra.
   5. little or no filtering of the blood.
8. The exchange of substances across a membrane between chemically different solutions is
   1. dialysis.
   2. lithotripsy.
   3. osmosis.
   4. active transport.
   5. facilitated diffusion.

Answer 1

1. ANSWER: Peritubular capillaries.

Reason: After the blood from glomerular cappilaries it reaches the Peritubular capillaries around the loop of henle.

2. ANSWER: Proximal tubule.

Reason: The Bowman's capsule is followed by proximal tubule, loop of henle, distal tubule and collecting duct.

3. ANSWER: Sodium .

Reason: Active transport of sodium hallens in the proximal tubule by sodium hydrogen antiporter.

4. ANSWER: Aldosterone.

Reason: Aldosterone is the hormone which influence the kidneys to absorb more of sodium from the filterate.

5. ANSWER: Loop of henle.

Reason: Ions like sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate are reabsorped in the loop of henle. Also water is absorbed in the descending limb of loop of henle.