Question

Once a SARS-CoV 2 virion has successfully bound to ACE2 (most commonly expressed by cells in the lungs as well as the nose and digestive tract) and been incorporated into its new host cell, it will hijack the replication and gene-expression machinery of its host cell to begin creating copies of itself. Explain, in detail, how both the humoral and the cellular aspects of adaptive immunity will be mobilized to confront this threat, and how they will go about doing so.

Answer 1

ROLE OF PRO INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND INNATE IMMUNITY EFFECTS

• It is reported that the patients affected with SARS have increased total neutrophils, C-recative protein and interleukins.
• There is also an increase in total neutrophils and total lymphocytes along with high plasma levels of cytokines (MCP-1, MIP-A, IP-10 and TNF-alpha.
• The defensive role of interferons on innate immunity is observed due to downstream cascade that controls viral replication.

ROLE OF ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE

• Long lasting-specific antibodies IgG and neutralization antibodies play key role.
• CD8+ response is more as compared to CD4+T cells response.
• The Th response is vital for control of SARS COV infection.