Question

1. Which of the following is NOT an anatomical portion of the male physiological urethra?
   1. Membranous urethra                                            d. Penile urethra
   2. Spongy urethra                                                         e. Prostatic urethra
   3. All are correct (A, B, D, E)                                      f. None are correct (A, B, D, E)

2. Which feature(s) of the urinary bladder predisposes it to being able to stretch and relax repeatedly in response to fluid accumulation & emptying?
   1. The bladder wall contains altering layers of skeletal muscle
   2. The urinary bladder trigone acts as a spring when the bladder empties.
   3. The walls are highly folded into rugae-like folds and the epithelium is transitional.
   4. When emptied, the digestive viscera/organs work to compress the bladder.

3. While most of the urinary system does not vary between genders, what is a notable functional difference between male & female urethra?
   1. Males have three urethral sphincters                              c. Male is connected to renal cortex
   2. Male urethra have urinary & reproductive function d. Female urethra is more acidic

4. What metabolic effect would you expect if someone developed an autoimmune disease, in which the interstitial endocrine cells (Leydig cells) of the testes were destroyed?
   1. Decreased Testosterone                                                       c. Decreased Estrogen
   2. Decreased ABP                                                                         d. Decreased Progesterone

5. Following sexual arousal of either gender, blood engorges what specialized vascular tissue found in both the male parts & clitoral complex?
   1. corpus spongiosum                                                                 c. Gonadal crux
   2. corpora cavernosa                                                                   d. Ductus deferens

6. Seminal fluid contains much more than sperm; including ________ which is used as energy for motility & ________ which can induce decrease cervical mucous viscosity.
   1. Fructose, Prostaglandins                                                       c. Lactose, Prostaglandins
   2. Fructose, Hemoglobin                                                            d. Galactose, Seminoplasmin

7. Haploid gamete cells, such as spermatids & ova, undergo meiosis instead of mitosis like all other cells. A key difference between mitosis & meiosis would be:
   1. Separation of homologous chromosomes                     d. Two splits in meiosis cells
   2. Chance of cross-over events                                               e. More variation in meiosis cells
   3. All of the above (A, B, D, E)                                                   f. None of the above (A, B, D, E)

8. Mature gametes develop in their gender specific organs from their immature forms; an example of the most undeveloped/primitive cell type would be:
   1. Tertiary Oocytes                                                                       c. Spermatogonia
   2. Spermatozoa/Spermatid                                                      d. Secondary follicles
9. Which of the following hormones/molecules is specific to the female reproductive cycle (those ONLY present in female gender) or female anatomical development?
   1. Estrogen                                                                      d. Follicle stimulating hormone                 
   2. Testosterone                                                             e. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
   3. None are female specific                                       f. All are specific to females
10. Following ovulation, where a mature ovum is physically ejected from the ovary, the ruptured follicle is transformed into the progesterone releasing ‘Yellow body’, aka the:
    1. Antrum                                                                        c. Corpus Luteum
    2. Corona Radiata                                                          d. Placenta
11. The ovarian ends of the uterine (Fallopian) tubes are covered in finger-like projections, called _______, which draw in an ovulated oocyte towards the uterus.
    1. Fimbriae                                                                      c. Isthmus
    2. Phalanges                                                                   d. Fundus

Answer 1

1. C) All are correct (A, B, D, E)

Explanation: The male urethra is often divided into 3 segments on the basis of its investing structures:

- prostatic urethra,

- membranous urethra, and

- spongy (or penile) urethra

2. C) The walls are highly folded into rugae-like folds and the epithelium is transitional

Explanation: transitional epithelium is specialized type of epithelium present in the urinary system that can be stretched.

3. C) Male urethra have urinary & reproductive function

Explanation: Male urethra is the part of both urinary system carrying the urine and reproductive system transporting the semen.

4. a. decreased testosterone

Explanation: Leydig cells are responsible for the production of testosterone. destruction of this cell cause decrease testosterone.