Question

1. Fred has a condition that results in red blood cells and protein in his urine. Where is the most likely place of malfunction that would cause this condition?

2. Cells in the ascending loop of Henle can establish a difference in concentration of ___ between the filtrate and the interstitial fluid.

3. When a substance is secreted in the kidney, it moves from the ___ to the ___.

Answer 1

Answer

1) The filteration membrane formed by glomerular capillary wall, basement membrane and podocytes of Bowman's capsule prevent the entry of  red blood cells and protein into the Bowman's capsule.

Hence, if there is presence of  red blood cells and protein in the urine, the most likely place of malfunction is in filteration membrane.

2) Cells in the ascending loop of Henle can establish a difference in concentration of NaCl between the filtrate and the interstitial fluid.

• The cells of ascending loop of Henle are permeable to salts and impermeable to water. Due to difference in concentration, a gradient is created that allows reabsorption NaCl in ascending loop of Henle.

3) When a substance is secreted in the kidney, it moves from the peritubular capillary to the renal tubule.