Question

At the filtration membrane between the glomerulus and the glomerular (renal/Bowman’s) capsule substances are filtered based on:

1. The type of ion and water transporters at the filtration membrane

2. Only water is filtered out because there are only water transporters

3. The relative size (smaller things diffuse, but larger things do not)

4. The counter current exchange system (ECF gradient across the renal medulla)

5. pH, substances must be below 7.35 units.

Which of the following places the structures in the correct order for resorption of filtrate?

1. Renal tubule, extracellular fluid, capillary, tubule cell

2. Tubule cell, capillary, extracellular fluid, renal tubule

3. Capillary, extracellular, fluid, tubule cell, renal tubule

4. Renal tubule, tubule cell, extracellular fluid, capillary

5. Capillary, tubule cell, extracellular fluid, capillary

A clear sign the transport maximum for glucose has been reached is:

1. Glucose is present in the filtrate

2. Glucose is present in the peritubular capillaries

3. Glucose is present in the vasa recta

4. Glucose is present in the urine

5. Glucose is cotransported with K+ in the DCT

Answer 1

1) answer- The relative size( smaller things diffuse but larger things do not)

Explanation- In the filteration membrane, nearly all the molecules are filtered except big molecules like albumin and bigger proteins and blood cells.Therefore it is called ultra filtration.

2) answer- Renal tubule, tubule cell,extracellular fluid,capillary

Explanation- when the filtrate enters in the proximal convoluted tubule, it gets reabsorbed from there into tubule cell,then enters the extracellular fluid and finally enters capillary.

3) answer- glucose is present in the urine

Explanation- transport maximum for any substance is that maximum value beyond which it does not get reabsorbed and is excreted into urine.When glucose reaches its transport maximum, it cannot be reabsorbed fully from the tubule and appears in the urine.