Question

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are _________ receptors that cause the opening of ________.

	A.	direct ligand-gated; K+ channels
	B.	G protein coupled; K+ channels
	C.	direct ligand-gated; Na+ channels
	D.	G protein coupled; Na+ channels

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are _________ receptors that cause the opening of ________.

	A.	G protein coupled; Na+ channels
	B.	direct ligand-gated; K+ channels
	C.	direct ligand-gated; Na+ channels
	D.	G protein coupled; K+ channels

your Aunt Selena is very considered about her wrinkles. Though you try assuring her that wrinkles are beautiful and are a sign of a life well lived, your aunt decides to get a botox treatment. How does botox work?

	A.	The botulinum neurotoxin from nerve gas is injected into skeletal muscle. This increases acetylcholine esterase and causes greater degradation of acetylcholine in the synapse. Because there is decreased acetylcholine, it causes greater muscle relaxation, thereby reducing wrinkles.
	B.	The botulinum neurotoxin from Claustridum botulinum is injected into skeletal muscle. Botulinum is endocytosed into the motor neuron and it cleaves the SNARE proteins. Because SNARE proteins have been destroyed, vesicles containing neurotransmitters can not dock and fuse, and no neurotransmitters are released. This then prevents muscle contraction and the skeletal muscle relaxes and softens, and wrinkles are minimized.
	C.	The botulinum neurotoxin from Claustridum botulinum is injected into skeletal muscle. Botulinum is endocytosed into the motor neuron and it activates the SNARE proteins. Activated SNARE proteins allow more neurotransmitters to be released. This then causes muscle contraction and the skeletal muscle tonify and reduce wrinkles.
	D.	The botulinum neurotoxin from nerve gas is injected into skeletal muscle. This inhibits acetylcholine esterase and causes more neurotransmitter to be present in the synapse. Because there is increased acetylcholine, it causes greater muscle contraction and tonification, thereby reducing wrinkles.

Answer 1

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are ---------direct ligand-gated ----------- receptors that cause the opening of -----Na+ channels.

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are --------G protein coupled----- receptors that cause the opening of ----k+channels.

BOTOX work as follows -

The botulinum neurotoxin from Claustridum botulinum is injected into skeletal muscle. Botulinum is endocytosed into the motor neuron and it cleaves the SNARE proteins. Because SNARE proteins have been destroyed, vesicles containing neurotransmitters can not dock and fuse, and no neurotransmitters are released. This then prevents muscle contraction and the skeletal muscle relaxes and softens, and wrinkles are minimized.