Question

41. A. Alcohol exerts all of the following effects on neurons and their synapses except          __________:

            a. inhibiting sodium flow across cell membranes while causing membranes to expand.

            b. decreasing serotonin activity while increasing dopamine activity.

            c. functioning as a GABA agonist and a glutamate antagonist.

            d. functioning as a glutamate agonist and a GABA antagonist.

B. Patients suffering from a bi-polar disorder are often administered lithium chloride to reduce the amplitude of the mood swings associated with the manic phase. Lithium probably achieves this by __________:

a. increasing NMDA receptor sensitivity.  

b. decreasing the numbers of AMPA receptors.

c. increasing the distance between the pre-synaptic and post-synaptic membranes.

d. decreasing the production of acetylcholine in the hippocampus.

C. Carl Lashley determined that specific memories were not necessarily stored in distinct           locations within the cortex, supporting a model of memory storage termed __________:

a. long term potentiation.

b. long term depression.

c. equipotentiality.

d. homogeneity.

Answer 1

Answer: functioning as a glutamate agonist and GABA(gamma amino butryic acid).

Reason:

Normally alcohol increase the effect of gamma amino butryic acid (inhibitory Neuron),so it produces the effect on neuron and alcohol is not a GABA antagonist.alcohol is glutamate antagonist.

Answer: Increasing NMDA(N methyl D aspartate ) receptor.

Reason: lithium acts on NMDA (N methyl D aspartate ) receptor and increase glutamate action, reduce mood swing in bipolar disorder.