Question

1) in the human body, kidneys occupy a retroperitoneal position

A. superior to the adrenal glands

B. inferior to the adrenal glands

C. in the pelvic cavity

D. superior to the diaphragm

2) which of the following functions is not performed by the kidneys?

A. transport of urea away from tissues

B. Maintenance of electrolyte balance

C. Regulation of blood volume

D. Regulation of blood pressure

3) Blood is conducted directly to a kidney via the

A. aorta

B. renal vein

C. renal artery

D. inferior vena

4) Blood flows directly from renal veins into the

A) kidneys

B) inferior vena cava

C) right atrium

D) left atrium

5) Through which one of the following pairs of structures must urine in a renal papilla flow before it enters the renal pelvis?

A) collecting duct: ureter

B) major calyx: ureter

C) renal sinus: urethra

D) minor calyx: major calyx

6) the outermost region of the kidney is the

A) renal capsule

B) renal cortex

C) renal medulla

D) renal pelvis

7) The membranous structure that surrounds each kidney is called the

A) renal capsule

B) renal cortex

C) renal medulla

D) renal pelvis

8) select the correct path of urine from a kidney to the exterior

A).Renal cortex---> ureter---> urinary bladder ---> urethra ---> exterior

B. Renal cortex---> urethra---> urinary bladder ---> ureter ---> exterior

C. Renal pelvis ---> urethra ---> urinary bladder ---> ureter ---> exterior

D. Renal pelvis ---> ureter ---> urinary bladder ---> urethra ---> exterior

9) The urinary bladder is lined with

A. stratified columnar epithelium

B. pseudostratified columnar epithelium

C. transitional epithelium

D. smooth muscle

10) The physiological units of the kidneys are called

A. glomeruli

B. capsules

C. calyces

D. nephrons

11) which of the following functions is not performed by kidneys?

A. production of electrolyte balance

B. maintenance o electrolyte balance

C. regulation of blood volume

D. regulation of blood pressure

12) which one of the following structures is not a component of a nephron?

A. glomerular capsule

B. collecting duct

C. renal tubule

D. glomerulus

13) which of the following substances is not a normal component of urine?

A. sodium ions

B. uric acid

C. glucose

D. urea

14) The renal structure that is directly responsible for the production of urine is the

A. renal cortex

B. nephron

C. major calyx

D. renal pyramid

15) Leukocytes, epithelial cells, mucus threads, bacteria, casts, and various crystals are often found in

A. lymph

B. urine

C. blood

D. saliva

16) which of the following correctly indicates the path of urea through a nephron?

A. glomerulus --> proximal convoluted tubule --> loop of henle--> collecting duct

B. bowman's capsule --> loop of henle--> glomerulus --> distal convoluted tubule

C. glomerulus--> proximal convoluted tubule--> loops of henle ---> distal convoluted tubule

D. glomerulus--> proximal convoluted tubule-->distal convoluted tubule--> collecting duct

17) The membranes of cells that form the collecting ducts have receptors for

A. antidiuretic hormone(ADH)

B. aldosterone

C. profiuretic hormone (PDH)

D. antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone

18) The presence of blood protein and glucose in the urine indicates

A. excessive exercise

B. kidney disease

C. exposure to cold conditions

D. cardiovascular problems

19) which one of the following features of urine indicates acidosis?

A. Ph

B. ketones

C. glucous

D. bilirubin

20) which of the following can not be detected by a dipstick analysis?

A. diabetes

B. liver dysfunction

C. rabies

D. exercise

Bones

list the sequence of structures through which nitrogenous waste passes from renal papillate to the urinary bladder

1. renal papillae

2.

3.

4.

5.

Answer 1

1. b) Inferior to adrenal gland

explanation: kidneys are present in the abdominal cavity behind the peritoneum. Adrenal gland are present on the top of the kidneys.

2. A. transport of urea away from tissues

Explanation: Transport of urea away from tissue is the function of the blood.

3. c. renal artery

explanation: Renal arteries are the direct branch of the Aorta supplying blood to the kidneys.

4. B) Inferior vena cava

Explanation: Inferior vena cava is the largest vein draining lower parts of the body. renal vein is the tributaries of the inferior vena cava.

5. D) minor calyx, major calyx