Question

1. How does a change in the concentration of Na+ in the ECF affect membrane potential? How does a change in the concentration of K⁺ in the ECF affect membrane potential? To which variable ([Na⁺]_o or [K⁺]_o) do you think membrane potential is more sensitive? Stated another way, do you think small changes in [Na⁺]_o or [K⁺]_o from their normal values would be more harmful to bodily function? What might those deleterious effects on the body be?

Answer 1

Answer :)

Low sodium concentration, will decrease the membrane potential while high sodium concentration will increase. The reverse will happen when potassium concentration is low or high. A slight change in potassium ions makes a larger difference in membrane potential than the sodium ions.

Low sodium levels cause Hyponatremia by which confusion, dehydration, seizures, or even coma can occur. High sodium levels cause Hypernatremia, which is responsible for increasing high blood pressure, heart failure, and stroke.

Low potassium levels cause hypokalemia by which muscle cramps, heart palpitations, weakness and fatigue, and mood changes occur. High potassium levels cause hyperkalemia by which tiredness, nausea, chest pain, and palpitations occur.