Question

The Pulmonary circulation of the heart includes:

a) Right ventricle → Pulmonary Artery → Lungs → Pulmonary vein → Left Atrium

b) Left Ventricle → Pulmonary Artery → Lungs → Pulmonary vein → Left Atrium

c) Right ventricle → Pulmonary Vein → Lungs → Pulmonary Artery → Left Atrium

d) Left Atrium → Aorta → Bronchial arteries

The organization of the vertebrae is animals from Cranial to caudal are:

a) Cervical → Thoracic → Lumbar → Sacral → Coccygeal

b) Thoracic → Lumbar → Sacral → Coccygeal

c) Cervical → Thoracic → Lumbar → Coccygeal → Sacral

d) Cervical → Lumbar → Thoracic → Coccygeal → Sacral

A new drug was discovered to aid animals that suffered a fracture to recover faster form the injury, what is the cell that most likely this drug would stimulate

a) Osteoprogenitor cells

b) Osteocytes

c) Osteoclasts

d) Osteoblasts

e) A and D are correct

An animal was born with a genetic defect in the actin filaments and more specifically in the receptors for Ca2+, what protein is most likely to have structural problems due to this genetic mutation?

a) Tropomyosin

b) Neuromuscular joint

c) Troponin

d) Myosin cross bridges

Articular cartilage in our joints recover at slow speed, why is the physiological reason of this phenomena (2 points)?

a) Articular cartilage is highly vascular and inflammation occurs excessively

b) Articular cartilage is avascular (lack of WBC) in the area of injury

c) Conformation of the articular cartilage located in the joint is hard to heal due to mobility

d) All of the above options are correct

Most of the bones in our bodies are developed from:

a) Endochondral calcification

b) Heteroplastic ossification

c) Intramembranous ossification

d) From the function of bone marrow inside of the bones

Steroids form the gonads of the animals promote:

a) Increase in the lifespan of Osteocytes and Osteoblasts therefore promotes growth

b) Stimulate increase in lifespan of osteoclasts

c) Promote differentiation of Hematopoietic and Mesenchymal precursors

d) All of the above are correct

If you performed a splenectomy (removal of the spleen) what function would be affected in the animal?

a) Blood reservoir and destruction of old erythrocytes

b) Metabolism of Calcium and iron

c) Return of venous blood to the right atrium and ventricle

d) All of the above

Answer 1

Answering first four questions from top to bottom order:

Answer 1. The pulmonary circulation of the heart involves: right ventricle to pulmonary artery to lungs to pulmonary vein to left auricle to left ventricle.

This circulation helps in the oxygenation of the blood.

Answer 2. Cervical then thoracic then lumbar then sacral then coccygeal.

Answer 3. That new drug will affect osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblasts. As osteoprogenitor cells give rise to osteoblasts.

Answer 4. Troponin protein will be affected as to bring muscle contraction calcium binds to it and helps in the occurrence of sliding filament theory.