Question

1. Describe the structures and functions related to the oral cavity and pharynx regions.
2. Identify the anatomical structures of a tooth and describe the structures of a gomphosis joint.
3. Compare the number of deciduous and permanent teeth and reference the age range of when each type of tooth appears.
4. Describe the structure and function of the esophagus.
5. Outline the three phases of swallowing.
6. Compare the cell types found within the gastric pits and describe the secretions/function of each.
7. Describe the processes of gastric mixing and emptying.
8. Describe the regulation of the digestive processes in the stomach (cephalic phase, gastric phase and intestinal phase).

Answer 1

1.Oral cavity;

Structure; it contains lips, gingivae ,teeth, tongue, also contains floor of the mouth ,,retromolar trigone.Salivary glands also present in close contact with oral cavity.

Function;

It is the first part of the digestive system.

Entry of food occurs through oral cavity.

Digestive process is intiated in the oral cavity by salivation.

Tongue creates bolus of food and chemical digestion intiated in the oral cavity.

Pharynx;

Structure;

Pharynx is cone shaped structure that is a passage from both oral cavity and nasal cavity.it contains three parts that are nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx. it contains muscular walls which helps in digestion that is swallowing.

Function;

It is involved in both digestion and respiration.

The muscular walls of the pharynx helps in the process of digestion that is during swallowing.

It is the pathway for the food that allows food into the oesophagus.

It also servers as passage of air into throat and helps in respiration.

2.Anatomical structures of tooth;

it contains four dental tissues

They are

Enamel

Dentine

Cementum and

The pulp.

The first three Belongs to hard tissue

Pulp contains nerves ,blood vessels,connective tissue.

Gomphosis joint.

It is a fibrous joint in which the roots of the teeth are fixed into the socket of the mandible and maxillae.it is a fibrous Mobile peg and socket joint.Bundles if the collagen fiberd pas through the socket and amke them fix tightly.Gomphosis joint is synarthroses that is the joint is immobile.

3.The deciduous teeth are 20 in number they shed at the age about 6 in the children the incisors are lost.Molars are lost age about 10 to 12 years.The permanent teeth start emerging by the age 13.

The pulp chamber in deciduous teeth is larger where as in the permanent tooth it is smaller.

Root canal in deciduous teeth is not well defined where as in permanent tooth itvis well defined.

Vascularity for deciduous teeth is high where as it is low for permanent teeth.

4.structure and function of esophagus

It is muscular tube the allows the food to the stomach.

It contains two valves on the both ends and the length of oesophagus about 25 cms long .

It main function is to pass the food from mouth to oesphagus.there is no absorption occurs in the oesophagus.The splinter helps in allowing and stopping of food in to the oesophagus.