Normal breathing is called eupnea which is characterized by normal rate and depth of breathing. The normal respiratory rate in an adult is between 12 and 20 breaths per minute. Breathing is function of respiratory system which include many organs like nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs and respiratory muscles. Any change in the normal rate and rhythm of breathing indicate an abnormal respiratory pattern.
Some of the terms of various deviations from the normal pattern of breathing includes
1. Apnea ; It is the absence or temporary cessation of spontaneous breathing.
2. Bradypnea ; It is described as slow rate of breathing. The respiratory rate will be less than 12 breaths per minute.
3. Dyspnea ; It is described as difficulty in breathing characterized by laboring and gasping with shortness of breath.
4. Hyperpnea or ; It is the increase in depth or volume of breathing with or without increased rate of breathing.
5. Hyperventilation ; Increase rate and depth of breathing more than the need of the body.
6. Hypoventilation ; Decrease in the depth and rate of breathing less than the body needs.
7. Kussmaul respiration ; It is classic sign of metabolic acidosis in diabetes mellitus which is characterized by deep, rapid breathing pattern which vary in rate and depth.
8. Cheyne-stokes ; It is characterized by progressively deep, irregular rate of breathing with periods of apnea.
9. Orthopnea ; It is difficulty in breathing while lying down but sitting or propped up position relieve the dyspnea.
10. Respiratory arrest ; Permanent stop of
spontaneous respiration
.
11. Tachypnea ; It is the increase in rate of
Respiration than normal.
12. Ataxic breathing ; It is the irregular breathing pattern with pauses of respiration and variable period of apnea.
13. Biot's respiration ; It is a group of rapid shallow breaths Associated with regular or irregular period of apnea.
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