Question

1. Choose the hormone that does not belong in the group with the others, based on its effect on blood pressure.

   1. Angiotensin ii

   2. Aldosterone

   3. Atrial natriuretic peptide

   4. Antidiuretic hormone

   5. Epinephrine

2. A cell is placed into a solution containing 8mM K+. The intracellular concentration of K+ = 145mM. Under these conditions, the equilibrium potential for K+ will be (assume temperature = 37oC) _____ (round to nearest number)

3. Which of the following are part of the mechanism used by the hypothalamus to regulate the release of luteinizing hormone from the pituitary gland?

   1. GnRH

   2. Hypophyseal portal system

   3. None of these

   4. A and B

   5. B and C

4. Which of the following are part of the mechanism used by the hypothalamus to regulate the release of thyroid stimulating hormone from the pituitary gland?

   1. GnRH

   2. Hypophyseal portal system

   3. None of these

   4. A and B

   5. B and C

5. Which of these is NOT an example of cotransport?

   1. movement of Na= into a cell while Ca++ moves out

   2. movement of Na+ and glucose across the membrane in kidney tubules

   3. movement of Na+ and K+ through action of the Na+ / ATPase

   4. movement of glucose and Na+ through the apical epithelial membrane in the intestinal epithelium

Answer 1

1.Option C-Atrial natriuretic peptide.

All others Increase BP

ANP(Atrial Natriuretic peptide) is produced primarily by Atrial Myocyes reduces BP by-

1. Increased renal excretion of salt & water

2.Vasodilation

3.increased vascular permeability.

2.76.5mM

Concentration of K+ in the Cell-8 mM

Concentration of K+ in Solution-145mM

So K+ moves From the solution(Higher Concentration) to Cell(Lower Concentration) unitil Both have same concentration of K+

At equilibrium K+ Concentration inside cell = K+ Concentration in the solution=(145+8)/2=76.5mM

3.Option D-A&B (GnRH&Hypophyseal portal system)

hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system : special blood supply that forms a connection between hypothalamus & pituitary gland.

It Carries-

1.Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

2.Corticotropin-releasing hormone

3.Growth hormone–releasing hormone

4.Thyrotropin-releasing hormone.

GnRH acts on Pituitary to release Gonadotropins(FSH-Follicular stimulating Hormone & LH-Leutinizing Hormone)

4.Option B-Hypophyseal portal system

GnRh have no role in secreation of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone.

TRH (Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone)released from Hypothalamus acts on Anterior Pituitary through Hypophyseal portal system to release Thyroid stimulating Hormone.

5.Option A-movement of Na= into a cell while Ca++ moves out.

Co-Transport is the movement of 2 Molecules in the Same Direction.Here Na+ moves into Cell & Ca++ Moves Outside the cell