Question

4. In this question, the domain of discourse is a set of male patients in a clinical study. Define the following predicates:

• P(x): x was given the placebo

• D(x): x was given the medication

• A(x): x had fainting spells

• M(x): x had migraines

Translate the following logical expressions into English:

(a) ∃x(M(x) ∧ D(x))

(b) ∀x((M(x) ∧ A(x)) → ¬D(x))

(c) ∃x(D(x) ∧ ¬A(x) ∧ ¬M(x))

(d) ∀x(D(x) → (A(x) ∨ M(x)))

5. Rewrite the negation of each of the following logical expressions so that all negations immediately precede predicates.

(a) ¬∀x(¬P(x) → Q(x))

(b) ¬∃x(P(x) → ¬Q(x))

Answer 1

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