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Which of the following are one-to-one, onto, or both? a. f : Q → Q defined...

Which of the following are one-to-one, onto, or both?
a. f : Q → Q defined by f(x) = x3 + x.
b. f : S → S defined by f(x) = 5x + 3.
c. f : S → S defined by:

?(?) = {
? + 1 ?? ? ≥ 0
? − 1 ?? ? < 0 ??? ? ≠ −10
? ?? ? = −10

d. f : N → N × N defined by f(n) = (2n – 1, n).

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