Question

(a) If a is an integer that is not divisible by 23, what are the possible...

(a) If a is an integer that is not divisible by 23, what are the possible values of ord23(a)?

(b) Use part (a) to help show that 5 is a primitive root modulo 23.

(c) Show that 2 is NOT a primitive root modulo 23, by using part

(b) to help find ord23(2). [Hint: Write 2 as a power of 5 (mod 23).] (d) Use part (b) to help find four more primitive roots modulo 23

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