Question

Please answer all question using a full paragraph, watch you grammar and syntax.

a. What is trend in profitability ratios of CVS over the last three years - Explain using ratios and three sentences?

b. What is trend in profitability ratios of Walgreens over the last three years - Explain using rations and three sentences?

c. Which company has had better profitability ratios over the last 3 years? Explain with ratios and three sentences

CVS

Balance Sheet

All numbers in thousands

Period Ending	12/31/2017	12/31/2016	12/31/2015
Current Assets
Cash And Cash Equivalents	1,696,000	3,371,000	2,459,000
Short Term Investments	111,000	87,000	88,000
Net Receivables	13,181,000	12,164,000	11,888,000
Inventory	15,296,000	14,760,000	14,001,000
Other Current Assets	945,000	660,000	722,000
Total Current Assets	31,229,000	31,042,000	29,158,000
Long Term Investments	-	-	-
Property Plant and Equipment	10,292,000	10,175,000	9,855,000
Goodwill	38,451,000	38,249,000	38,106,000
Intangible Assets	13,630,000	13,511,000	13,878,000
Accumulated Amortization	-	-	-
Other Assets	1,529,000	1,485,000	1,440,000
Deferred Long Term Asset Charges	-	-	-
Total Assets	95,131,000	94,462,000	92,437,000
Current Liabilities
Accounts Payable	15,472,000	14,883,000	14,319,000
Short/Current Long Term Debt	15,176,000	11,367,000	8,850,000
Other Current Liabilities	-	-	-
Total Current Liabilities	30,648,000	26,250,000	23,169,000
Long Term Debt	22,181,000	25,615,000	26,267,000
Other Liabilities	1,611,000	1,549,000	1,542,000
Deferred Long Term Liability Charges	2,996,000	4,214,000	4,217,000
Minority Interest	4,000	4,000	7,000
Negative Goodwill	-	-	-
Total Liabilities	57,440,000	57,632,000	55,202,000
Stockholders' Equity
Misc. Stocks Options Warrants	-	-	39,000
Redeemable Preferred Stock	-	-	-
Preferred Stock	-	-	-
Common Stock	17,000	17,000	17,000
Retained Earnings	43,556,000	38,983,000	35,506,000
Treasury Stock	-37,765,000	-33,452,000	-28,886,000
Capital Surplus	32,079,000	31,618,000	30,948,000
Other Stockholder Equity	-196,000	-336,000	-389,000
Total Stockholder Equity	37,691,000	36,830,000	37,196,000
Net Tangible Assets	-14,390,000	-14,930,000	-14,788,000

Income Statement

All numbers in thousands

Revenue	12/31/2017	12/31/2016	12/31/2015
Total Revenue	184,765,000	177,526,000	153,290,000
Cost of Revenue	156,220,000	148,669,000	126,762,000
Gross Profit	28,545,000	28,857,000	26,528,000
Operating Expenses
Research Development	-	-	-
Selling General and Administrative	-	-	-
Non Recurring	-	-	-
Others	-	-	-
Total Operating Expenses	-	-	-
Operating Income or Loss	9,517,000	10,366,000	9,475,000
Income from Continuing Operations
Total Other Income/Expenses Net	-208,000	-671,000	-21,000
Earnings Before Interest and Taxes	9,309,000	9,695,000	9,454,000
Interest Expense	1,041,000	1,058,000	838,000
Income Before Tax	8,268,000	8,637,000	8,616,000
Income Tax Expense	1,637,000	3,317,000	3,386,000
Minority Interest	4,000	4,000	7,000
Net Income From Continuing Ops	6,631,000	5,320,000	5,230,000
Non-recurring Events
Discontinued Operations	-8,000	-1,000	9,000
Extraordinary Items	-	-	-
Effect Of Accounting Changes	-	-	-
Other Items	-	-	-
Net Income
Net Income	6,622,000	5,317,000	5,237,000
Preferred Stock And Other Adjustments	-	-	-
Net Income Applicable To Common Shares	6,622,000	5,317,000	5,237,000

Walgreens

Income Statement

All numbers in thousands

Revenue	8/31/2017	8/31/2016	8/31/2015
Total Revenue	118,214,000	117,351,000	103,444,000
Cost of Revenue	89,052,000	87,477,000	76,691,000
Gross Profit	29,162,000	29,874,000	26,753,000
Operating Expenses
Research Development	-	-	-
Selling General and Administrative	23,605,000	23,873,000	22,085,000
Non Recurring	-	-	-
Others	-	-	-
Total Operating Expenses	-	-	-
Operating Income or Loss	5,557,000	6,001,000	4,668,000
Income from Continuing Operations
Total Other Income/Expenses Net	-11,000	-261,000	1,248,000
Earnings Before Interest and Taxes	5,546,000	5,740,000	5,916,000
Interest Expense	693,000	596,000	605,000
Income Before Tax	4,853,000	5,144,000	5,311,000
Income Tax Expense	752,000	953,000	1,032,000
Minority Interest	808,000	401,000	439,000
Net Income From Continuing Ops	4,078,000	4,173,000	4,220,000
Non-recurring Events
Discontinued Operations	-	-	-
Extraordinary Items	-	-	-
Effect Of Accounting Changes	-	-	-
Other Items	-	-	-
Net Income
Net Income	4,078,000	4,173,000	4,220,000
Preferred Stock And Other Adjustments	-	-	-
Net Income Applicable To Common Shares	4,078,000	4,173,000	4,220,000

Balance Sheet

All numbers in thousands

Period Ending	8/31/2017	8/31/2016	8/31/2015
Current Assets
Cash And Cash Equivalents	3,301,000	9,807,000	3,000,000
Short Term Investments	-	-	-
Net Receivables	6,528,000	6,260,000	6,849,000
Inventory	8,899,000	8,956,000	8,678,000
Other Current Assets	1,025,000	860,000	1,130,000
Total Current Assets	19,753,000	25,883,000	19,657,000
Long Term Investments	6,320,000	6,174,000	1,242,000
Property Plant and Equipment	13,642,000	14,335,000	15,068,000
Goodwill	15,632,000	15,527,000	16,372,000
Intangible Assets	10,156,000	10,302,000	12,351,000
Accumulated Amortization	-	-	-
Other Assets	506,000	467,000	4,092,000
Deferred Long Term Asset Charges	-	-	-
Total Assets	66,009,000	72,688,000	68,782,000
Current Liabilities
Accounts Payable	18,296,000	16,690,000	15,489,000
Short/Current Long Term Debt	251,000	323,000	1,068,000
Other Current Liabilities	-	-	-
Total Current Liabilities	18,547,000	17,013,000	16,557,000
Long Term Debt	12,684,000	18,705,000	13,315,000
Other Liabilities	4,223,000	4,045,000	4,072,000
Deferred Long Term Liability Charges	2,281,000	2,644,000	3,538,000
Minority Interest	808,000	401,000	439,000
Negative Goodwill	-	-	-
Total Liabilities	37,735,000	42,407,000	37,482,000
Stockholders' Equity
Misc. Stocks Options Warrants	-	-	-
Redeemable Preferred Stock	-	-	-
Preferred Stock	-	-	-
Common Stock	12,000	12,000	12,000
Retained Earnings	30,137,000	27,684,000	25,089,000
Treasury Stock	-9,971,000	-4,934,000	-3,977,000
Capital Surplus	10,339,000	10,111,000	9,953,000
Other Stockholder Equity	-3,051,000	-2,993,000	-216,000
Total Stockholder Equity	27,466,000	29,880,000	30,861,000
Net Tangible Assets	1,678,000	4,051,000	2,138,000

Answer 1

Before explaining at the Micro level about the Profitability Ratios we should have an idea about what are profitability ratios and how are they important. And in particular how are they useful to the stakeholders of the company. Profitability ratios are the ratios which are of great importance mostly to its investors, because with the help of them we are able to measure that how effectively management is handling its assets and its own capital in getting maximum returns out of it. Major ratios include: Gross Profit Margin, Net Profit Margin, Return to Total Assets and Return to Total Equity.

Gross Profit Margin: Gross Profit/Sales *100 Net Profit Margin: Net Income after taxes/Sales*100 Return to Total Assets: Net Income after taxes/ Total Assets*100 Return to Total Equity: Net Income after taxes/ Total Equity*100

a.) Trend in the ratios of CVS company is good if we compare it to its own. The Gross Profit margin is getting decreased from 2015 to 2017 by approximately 2%. But if we see the Net Profit Margin ratio then the company is controlling its Operating Expenses by getting more efficient and getting back on track. Rest the ratios are good the Return to Equity is increasing which is a good thing for the comapny and its stakeholders.

b.) Trend in the ratios of Walgreens company in Gross Profit margin ratio is very good, they are getting upto 24% approx. which is a good thing, but they need to be more efficient in maintaining the Operating cost because the Net profit margin is again coming to the level of CVS Company. Apart from this the other ratios are good but they can be better with this type of Gross Profit margin.

c.) If we talk about the comparison then the Gross Profit margin is better of Walgreens rather than the CVS. But apart from this if we say about the Net Profit Margin then according to the ratios CVS have been doing better and controlling its Operating expenses which in result brings the Net Profit margin ratios of both the companies in the same line and make it more effectively for CVS. Return to Total Assets is mostly the same in both the companies but the Return to Equity has been increasing in the year 2017 for CVS, which makes it a better one in the competition.

Please find the attached screenshot of the calculations of the ratios.: