PLEASE ANSWER CONTRIBUTION MARGIN, SALES MIX, TARGET PROFIT! THANK YOU
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Cost Behavior
Cover-to-Cover Company is a manufacturer of shelving for books. The company has compiled the following cost data, and wants your help in determining the cost behavior. After reviewing the data, complete requirements (1) and (2) that follow.
Units | Total | Total | Total Machine |
---|---|---|---|
Produced | Lumber Cost | Utilities Cost | Depreciation Cost |
15,000 shelves | $180,000 | $18,250 | $135,000 |
30,000 shelves | 360,000 | 35,500 | 135,000 |
60,000 shelves | 720,000 | 70,000 | 135,000 |
75,000 shelves | 900,000 | 87,250 | 135,000 |
2. For each cost, determine the fixed portion of the cost, and the per-unit variable cost. If there is no amount or an amount is zero, enter "0". Recall that, for N= Number of Units Produced, Total Costs = (Variable Cost Per Unit x N) + Fixed Cost. Complete the following table with your answers.
Cost | Fixed Portion of Cost | Variable Portion of Cost (per Unit) |
Lumber | 0 | 12 |
Utilities | 1000 | 1.15 |
Depreciation | 135000 | 0 |
HIGH LOWSection
Biblio Files Company is the chief competitor of Cover-to-Cover Company in the bookshelf business. Biblio Files is analyzing its manufacturing costs, and has compiled the following data for the first six months of the year. After reviewing the data, answer questions (1) through (3) that follow.
Month | Number of Units Produced | Total Cost |
---|---|---|
January | 4,360 | $65,600 |
February | 225 | 6,250 |
March | 1,000 | 15,000 |
April | 5,475 | 111,250 |
May | 1,750 | 32,500 |
June | 3,015 | 48,000 |
1. From the data previously provided, help Biblio Files Company estimate the fixed and variable portions of its total costs using the High-Low Method. Recall that Total Costs = (Variable Cost Per Unit x Number of Units Produced) + Fixed Cost. Complete the following table.
Total Fixed Cost | Variable Cost per Unit |
3034 | 14.35 |
2. With your Total Fixed Cost and Variable Cost per Unit from the High-Low Method, compute the total cost for the following values of N (Number of Units Produced).
Number of Units Produced | Total Costs |
3,500 | 53259 |
4,360 | 65600 |
5,475 | 81600 |
Contribution Margin
Review the contribution margin income statements for Cover-to-Cover Company and Biblio Files Company on their respective Income Statements panels. Complete the following table from the data provided in the income statements. Each company sold 84,800 units during the year.
Cover-to-Cover Company | Biblio Files Company | |
Contribution margin ratio (percent) | ||
Unit contribution margin | ||
Break-even sales (units) | ||
Break-even sales (dollars) |
Income statement cover-to cover
Cover-to-Cover Company |
Contribution Margin Income Statement |
For the Year Ended December 31, 20Y7 |
1 |
Sales |
$424,000.00 |
||
2 |
Variable costs: |
|||
3 |
Manufacturing expense |
$212,000.00 |
||
4 |
Selling expense |
21,200.00 |
||
5 |
Administrative expense |
63,600.00 |
296,800.00 |
|
6 |
Contribution margin |
$127,200.00 |
||
7 |
Fixed Costs: |
|||
8 |
Manufacturing expense |
$5,000.00 |
||
9 |
Selling expense |
4,000.00 |
||
10 |
Administrative expense |
54,600.00 |
63,600.00 |
|
11 |
Income from operations |
$63,600.00 |
Income Statement - Biblio Flies
Biblio Files Company |
Contribution Margin Income Statement |
For the Year Ended December 31, 20Y7 |
1 |
Sales |
$424,000.00 |
||
2 |
Variable costs: |
|||
3 |
Manufacturing expense |
$169,600.00 |
||
4 |
Selling expense |
16,960.00 |
||
5 |
Administrative expense |
33,920.00 |
220,480.00 |
|
6 |
Contribution margin |
$203,520.00 |
||
7 |
Fixed Costs: |
|||
8 |
Manufacturing expense |
$121,920.00 |
||
9 |
Selling expense |
8,000.00 |
||
10 |
Administrative expense |
10,000.00 |
139,920.00 |
|
11 |
Income from operations |
$63,600.00 |
Sales Mix
Biblio Files Company is making plans for its next fiscal year, and decides to sell two new types of bookshelves, Basic and Deluxe. The company has compiled the following estimates for the new product offerings.
Type of Bookshelf | Sales Price per Unit | Variable Cost per Unit |
---|---|---|
Basic | $5.00 | $1.75 |
Deluxe | 9.00 | 8.10 |
The company is interested in determining how many of each type of bookshelf would have to be sold in order to break even. If we think of the Basic and Deluxe products as components of one overall enterprise product called “Combined,” the unit contribution margin for the Combined product would be $2.31. Fixed costs for the upcoming year are estimated at $346,962. Recall that the totals of all the sales mix percents must be 100%. Determine the amounts to complete the following table.
Type of Bookshelf | Percent of Sales Mix | Break-Even Sales in Units | Break-Even Sales in Dollars |
Basic | |||
Deluxe |
Target Profit
Refer again to the income statements for Cover-to-Cover Company and Biblio Files Company on their respective Income Statement panels. Note that both companies have the same sales and net income. Answer questions (1) - (3) that follow, assuming that all data for the coming year is the same as the current year, except for the amount of sales.
1. If Cover-to-Cover Company wants to increase its profit by $40,000 in the coming year, what must their amount of sales be?
2. If Biblio Files Company wants to increase its profit by $40,000 in the coming year, what must their amount of sales be?
3. What would explain the difference between your answers for (1) and (2)?
The companies have goals that are not in the relevant range.
Cover-to-Cover Company’s contribution margin ratio is lower, meaning that it’s more efficient in its operations.
Biblio Files Company has a higher contribution margin ratio, and so more of each sales dollar is available to cover fixed costs and provide income from operations.
The answers are not different; each company has the same required sales amount for the coming year to achieve the desired target profit.
Target profit
1. For cover to cover to increase their profit by 40,000, The profit would be 63,600 + 40,000 = 103,600
Fixed Costs = 63,600
Therefore, total contribution would be Fixed Costs + Desired profit = 103,600 + 63,600 = 167,200
Per unit contribution for Cover to cover is 1.5
Therefore number of units to be sold = 167,200/1.5 = 111,467 units
Sales = 111,467 x 5 = 557,335
2. For Biblio files to increase their profits by 40,000, total profit would be 103,600
Fixed Costs = 139,920
Total contribution = Fixed Costs + Desired profit = 139,920 + 103,600 = 243,520
Unit contribution = 2.4
Number of units to be sold = 243,520/2.4 = 101,467
Sales = 101,467 x 5 = 507,333
3. The difference is due to the fact that the unit contribution margin of Biblio files is greater than the unit margin of cover to cover. This is despite the fact that the fixed costs are greater for biblio files in comparison to cover to cover.
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