Question

Chemalite, Inc. (B) Cash Flow Analysis Bennett Alexander, a chemical engineer, founded Chemalite, Inc. in late 2002. The company was set up to manufacture and sell his latest patented invention, the Chemalite. The first year of operations was successful, allowing Chemalite's directors to declare a $10,000 dividend at the end of 2004. Exhibit 1 presents the income statement and balance sheet for the year ended December 31, 2004. During the meeting with the company shareholders, held in January 2005, Alexander was congratulated for the company's performance during its first year of operations. After much discussion, the shareholders approved moving the production facilities to a larger location to support expanding sales. They hoped that Chemalite could build market share before any competing product reached the market. They also approved expanding the product line to include new colors The shareholder meeting ended with a decision to meet during late March to review the performance of the company and study the projected financial statements for 2005. To prepare for the March meeting, Alexander asked his accountant to provide him with the expected financial statements for the year ending December 31, 2005. Exhibit 1 reproduces the report that he received from the accountant. In addition to this report, the accountant provided the following notes: 1. According to our marketing people, sales during the year are expected to increase 150% as we continue to build market share. Half of this growth is expected to come from new wholesalers. Our limited experience with this channel indicates that even if they are supposed to pay in 30 days, the average is 40 days. 2. We will need to maintain a stock of finished goods to give the required service to wholesalers. 3. The average stock of raw materials is assumed to be $75,450. 4. The land and building for the new production facility will cost $850,000, of which $250,000 corresponds to the land. The facility will be operating at the beginning of July, its expected life is 10 years, and it will be depreciated using the straight-line method for accounting purposes and an accelerated method for tax purposes. 5. The seller of the facility will pass title on June 30 and receive half of the purchase price in cash and the other half in three equal annual installments beginning June 30, 2007.
6. As agreed by the board, we will also need to purchase new, higher capacity machines. My understanding is that we will replace the machines that we purchased in June last year (our vendor claims their resale value is now very high). The selling price of the old machines is estimated to be $215,500. The new machines will cost $520,000. These cash transactions will take place in late June and the expected life of the new machines is 10 years. 7. Starting in July we will also buy insurance for the building inventories, and business disruption. The cost of the insurance is $97,500 cash and it will be in force from July 2005 to December 2006 8. In January 2005 we paid the 2004 cash dividend of $0.02 per share. 9. According to January's shareholders' meeting 10% of 2005 net income will be distributed as dividends to existing shareholders. 10. As you told me, one of our shareholders needs to sell his shares due to personal problems. I have assumed that the company will repurchase his 20,000 shares at $1.30 per share. 11. Finally, I have assumed that the rest of our financing needs will be covered by long-term and short-term debt. We are now negotiating with the bank for a long-term, secured loan of $510,000 effective June 30 at 10% paid annually. Alexander looked at the report from the accountant and the related assumptions. The net income was very attractive-increasing by over 400%. Undoubtedly the new production facility and the bigger machines were a good investment. But the amount of short term debt that he saw in the balance sheet was a matter of concern. He wondered whether this amount of financing was really needed. He knew that the shareholders would also have questions. The first step was to understand where the cash was going and where it was coming from. The second step was to understand why such a good earnings forecast required so much debt.
Required 1. Prepare a proforma statement of cash flows for 2005 using the indirect method. 2. Prepare a proforma statement of cash flows for 2005 using the direct method. 3. What are the main sources and uses of cash revealed by your analysis? 4. What would you recommend to Bennett Alexander?
Exhibit 1 2005 Pro-forma Financial Statements December 31, 2005 (Pro-forma) Balance Sheet as at December 31, 2004 and 2005 December 31, 2004 (Actual) Assets Cash $113,000 Accounts receivable 69,500 Inventories-raw materials 55,000 Inventories-finished goods Prepaid insurance Property, plant and equipment 212,500 Accumulated depreciation (10,625) Land Patent 100,000 Total assets $539.375 Liabilities and Owners' Equity Taxes payable 10,900 Short term debt Deferred income taxes Notes payable (10%) Long-term debt (10%) -- Dividends payable 10,000 Common stock 500,000 Retained earnings 18,475 Treasury stock Total liabilities and owners' equity $539,375 $9.490 139,530 75,450 104,680 65,000 1,120,000 (56,000) 250,000 75,000 $1.783.150 -- 9,950 200,000 26,730 425,000 510,000 12,000 500,000 125,470 (26,000) $1.783.150
Income Statement for the years ended Dec. 31, 2004 and 2005 Sales December 31, 2004 (Actual) $754,500 (195,000) (275,000) (50,000) (30,000) (10.625) 193,875 (22,500) Material Labor Rent Utilities Depreciation Gross margin Advertising Research and development Insurance Amortization of patent Selling and administration expenses Gain on sale of equipment Interest expense Prototypes Legal fees Income before taxes Income taxes Net income December 31, 2005 (Pro-forma) $1,886,250 (452,700) (660,000) (25,000) (82,000) (61.625) 604,925 (70,000) (63,250) (32,500) (25,000) (195,750) 24,250 (58,750) (25,000) (75,000) (750) (23,750) (7,500) 39,375 (10,900) $28.475 183,925 (64,930) Su8.995 Finished goods inventory includes $5,000 of depreciation

Answer 1

:: Solution ::

Chemalite Cash Flow - Indirect Method
Net Income (A)	118995
Add non Cash Expenditure
Increase in accounts receivable		-70030
Increase in inventories - RM		-20450
Increase in inventories - FG		-104680
Prepaid Insurance		-65000
Patent		25000
Tax payable		-950
Increase in deferred Income Tax		26730
Deprecition		61625
Gain on sales of equipment		-24250
Operating Cash Flow ( B )		-172005
Financing Activities
Increase in Short term debt		200000
Long term Debt		425000
Divdends paid		-2000
Increase long term debt		510000
Treasury stock		-26000
Cash Flow from Financing activities ( C )		1107000
Investment Activities
Property plant		-907500
Land		-250000
Cash Flow from Investment activities ( D )		-1157500
Cash Flow thought the year (A+B+C+D)	-103510

2	Proforma Cash Flow Statement of Chemalite for 2005 (Direct Method)
		Particulars		Amount
	Operating Cash Flow
	(+)	Cash Received from Sales		$         1,816,220
	(-)	Expenses
		Raw Material		$           -473,150
		Finised Goods Inventory		$             -99,680
	(-)	Labour		$           -660,000
		Insurance		$             -97,500
		Rent		$             -25,000
		Utilities		$             -82,000
		Advertising		$             -70,000
		S&A Expenses		$           -195,750
		Interest Expense		$             -58,750
		R&D Expenses		$             -63,250
		Tax Expense		$             -39,150
		Net Cash Flow from Operation Activities		$             -48,010
	Investing Cash Flow
	(+)	Receipts from Sale of Machines		$             215,500
	(-)	Purchase of New Machines		$           -520,000
		Purchase of New Production Facility		$           -425,000
		Net Cash Flow from Investing Activities		$           -729,500
	Financial Cash Flow
	(+)	Long term debts		$             510,000
		Short term debts		$             200,000
	(-)	Treasury Stock		$             -26,000
		Dividends Paid		$             -10,000
		Net Cash Flow from Financing Activities		$             674,000
		Opening Cash Balance		$             113,000
		Net Cash Flow		$           -103,510
		Closing Cash Balance		$                 9,490
3	Main sources and uses of cash
		Sources
		Cash from Sales		$         1,816,200
		Cash from Sales of Machines		$             215,500
		Long Term Debt		$             510,000
		Short Term Debt		$             200,000

4	Recommendations
	A	Reduce credit time of borrowers from 40 days to 30 days, thereby increasing cash flow, reducing A/R and reducing short term borrowing liabilities
	B	Reduce inventory of finished goods. Management to decide an optimum level. Unsold products increases opportunity costs and reduces cash flow.
	C	Look to source raw material and other supplies on credit. This will help to maintain cash flow at firm's end.