Answer : The three ways to estimate or measure the
coefficient A for a real investor are as follows:
1. Alpha
:
- It measures the risk relative to the market.
- To choose any fund it must have positive alpha.
- If any fund has negative alpha this means it is running below
the standard and should be rejected.
2. Beta
:
- Beta measures a volatility of a fund in comparison to a
market.
- Beta below 1 are considered less volatile than the
benchmark.
- This risk is also called systematic risk.
3. Standard
Deviation :
- Standard Deviation measures data dispersion in regards to the
mean value of the data set.
- It provides an measurement regarding an investment
volatility.
- It describes how much an investment is deviated from average
returns.